In the meantime, John VI Kantakouzenos attempted to consolidate his own dynasty on the imperial throne, marrying his daughter Helena to John V and proclaiming his son Matthew Kantakouzenos as co-emperor. Although Andronikos III was ultimately victorious and Andronikos II was deposed, the empire was damaged economically and for the first time, foreign states such as Bulgaria and Serbia had appeared as significant regulating factors in imperial dynastic disputes (joining opposite sides of the civil war). Search Elsewhere ArchiveGrid Search DPLA Search. Common versions of the last name used today include the standard Palaiologos (approximately 1,800 people, most common in Greece),[83] Palaiologou (approximately 2,000 people, again most common in Greece),[84] Paleologos (approximately 500 people, most common in the United States but present worldwide)[85] and Paleologo (approximately 250 people, most common in Italy). [28] Demetrios lived in the Ottoman Empire for the rest of his life, dying in 1470. [40] Andreas's brother Manuel died in Constantinople at some point during the reign of Mehmed II's son and successor Bayezid II (r. That a Byzantine prince, born in the purple, would be sent to live among, and rule over, Latin barbarians,[64] was bad enough but there were also fears that he and his descendants might become 'Latinized'[65] and that the Italians, as a result of the Montferrat inheritance, could launch an invasion in the future in hopes of placing a Catholic Palaiologos on the Byzantine throne. A little less than five years later in 1453 AD he was killed during the final assaults by the Turkish Sultan, Mehmed II on Constantinople. In the years which followed it was said that he was not dead but sleeping - the 'immortal emperor' turned to marble, who would one day … The promised crusade, the fruit of John VIII's labor, ended only in disaster as it was defeated by the Turks at the Battle of Varna in 1444. [112], A man by the name Andrea Paleologo Graitzas, attested in Venice in 1460, supposedly has living descendants, with numerous people with the last name Palaiologos (or variations thereof) living in Athens today claiming to descend from him. [100][101], Ferdinand died in 1670 and was survived only by his son, Theodore. There is no evidence that the final emperor, Constantine XI, ever repudiated the union achieved at Florence in 1439. [115] This family history derives mainly from oral tradition, with only a handful of documents possibly verifying parts of it as true. Murad defeated Mustafa's rebellion and besieged Constantinople in 1422, though the Byzantines successfully repulsed him. [44] He is last attested in the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent (r. 1520–1566)[45] and is not believed to have had children of his own. In 1495, Theodore partook in a siege of Novara and also partook in later battles in Savona and Cephalonia. Constantine XI (1405-1453) was the last Byzantine emperor. In 1320, Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos attempted to disinherit his grandson Andronikos III Palaiologos, despite the death of Andronikos II's son, heir and co-emperor Michael IX Palaiologos (Andronikos III's father). Palaiologos-Wikipedia. [1], In contrast to these ancient and prestigious origin stories, the Palaiologoi probably actually originated relatively late in Anatolia, possibly in the Anatolic Theme. The fourth son of Emperor Manuel II Palaeologus (reigned 1391-1425), Constantine was born on Feb. 8, 1405. Palaiologoi; Greek: Παλαιολόγος, pl. To avoid infighting, their mother Helena Dragaš decided that Constantine was to be the next emperor. [61] Michael's son and successor Andronikos II wished to further legitimize the rule of the Palaiologan dynasty. [1], By the 15th century, the Byzantine emperors had lost any real power, with the Ottoman sultans increasingly becoming the real regulators of political matters within the empire. The last certain members of the imperial line of the Palaiologoi died out in the 16th century, but female-line descendants survive to the present day. [37] Whether he had any children is uncertain. That Andronikos suffered from elephantiasis and epilepsy, and that he died at a young age, makes it unlikely that he married and had a son. [38][39] According to Russian sources, he might also have had a daughter, Maria Palaiologina, who married a Russian prince. [75] Their descent is questionable since there is no surviving contemporary evidence that Andronikos had children. [14] Ultimately, the siege was resolved peacefully by Manuel through signing a peace treaty with Bayezid's son and successor, Mehmed I, in 1403, which among other things returned the city of Thessaloniki, captured by the Ottomans in 1387, to Byzantine rule. For the last Byzantine emperor, sometimes numbered this way, see Constantine XI Palaiologos. Because the family was extensive before it produced emperors, the name Palaiologos was legitimately held not only by nobles part of the actual imperial dynasty. They are recorded numerous times as donors to monasteries, and intermarried several times with the Komnenos dynasty during its rule over the Byzantine Empire (1081–1185). [13] Bayezid's siege lasted for more than a decade, with Western aid through the Crusade of Nicopolis (1396) failing to stop the sultan. [48] Jelena died childless, but Milica married Leonardo III Tocco, the ruler of the Despotate of Epirus. English: Constantine XI Palaiologos or Palaeologus, (February 8, 1405 – May 29, 1453) was the last reigning Emperor of the Byzantine Empire, from 1448 to his death. He spent most of his childhood in Constantinople under the supervision of his parents. A cadet branch in Italy, the Palaeologus-Montferrat, ruled the March of Montferrat until 1536 and died out in 1566. [79] Venice had first become interested in hiring stratioti after witnessing the prowess of Greek and Albanian soldiers in the First Ottoman–Venetian War of 1463–1479. Emperors are indicated with bold text and women are indicated with italics. Some reports said that it was due to poisoning after he'd attended a banquet in one of his subject's palaces outside Constantinople. [46] Thus, the male line of the imperial branch of the House of Palaiologos probably went extinct at some point in the early 16th century. Death 1453-05-29. [79] Many of the non-imperial Byzantine Palaiologoi were part of the nobility and served as generals or powerful landowners. The situation was so dire that Manuel left Constantinople to travel around Western Europe asking for further aid against the Ottomans, visiting Italy, France and England. Behold how our merciful and omniscient Lord has managed to preserve the integrity of our holy Orthodox faith and to save (us) all; he brought forth out of nothing the powerful Empire of the Ottomans, which he set up in the place of our Empire of the Romaioi, which had begun in some ways to deviate from the path of the Orthodox faith; and he raised this Empire of the Ottomans above every other in order to prove beyond doubt that it came into being by the will of God .... For there is no authority except that deriving from God. The famous Ivan the Terrible (r. 1547–1575), Russia's first Tsar, was Sophia's grandson. He married Theodora Tocco (?-1429) 1 July 1428 JL . [94], In 1578, the members of the family living in Pesaro were embroiled in a scandal as brothers Leonidas and Scipione Paleologus, and their nephew Theodore, were arrested for attempted murder. One of the earliest references to Palaiologoi in Venice is a 1479 Senate decision concerning Theodore Palaiologos, who had recently proven himself in a campaign in Friuli. [53] The Tocco family went extinct in 1884, with the title of Prince of Achaea (among others) being inherited by Carlo Capece Galeota, their closest relative. Constantine Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Greek: Κωνσταντῖνος Παλαιολόγος, romanized: Kōnstantinos Palaiologos; died 1508) was a 16th-century noble of Greek descent who served as a soldier in Italy. [68] Byzantine fears of Latinization became true; Theodore converted to Catholicism and on his visits to Constantinople, Theodore schocked the Byzantines with his shaven face and Western customs. Though the Palaiologos name was not passed on, many of them used the double-headed eagle iconography of Byzantium. [120] The presence of double-headed eagle symbols in the Spirito Santo church has been used as an argument in the past, but this symbol was not unique to the Palaiologoi, being used as a symbol by other families as well (both Byzantine and Western). [117] The potential Palaiologan heir being kept as a hostage in Italy agrees poorly with contemporary Byzantine-Aragonese relations and importantly, no Byzantine historians mentions his existence. In the 18th century, several Phanariots (members of prominent Greek families in the Fener quarter of Constantinople) were granted governing positions in the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia (predecessors of Romania) by the Ottomans. [69] John II even petitioned the Papacy to recognize his claims to Thessaloniki and to the empire, and to help him conquer them. [66] In the end, Andronikos II's fourth son (in order to not jeopardize the line of succession),[67] Theodore, was chosen to travel to Montferrat, arriving there in 1306. Retrouvez The Immortal Emperor: The Life and Legend of Constantine Palaiologos, Last Emperor of the Romans et des millions de livres en stock sur Amazon.fr. The origins of the family are unclear. The role of the Palaiologoi as the final Christian dynasty to rule over Greek lands also accorded them a more positive remembrance among Greeks during the period of Ottoman rule. [129] As Ottoman rule continued, many Greeks dreamed of a day when a new emperor would once more rule a sizeable Greek domain. In 1453, when Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks, he was last seen fighting at the city walls, but the actual circumstances of his death have remained surrounded in myth. A gallant prince, he completed the conquest of the Peloponnesus from the Latins and heroically commanded the futile defense of Constantinople against the Turks. [56], The marriage of Zoe/Sophia (Thomas's second daughter) to Ivan III of Moscow served to strengthen Moscow's claim to be the "Third Rome", the ideological and spiritual successor to the Byzantine Empire. [25] The brothers were divided in their policies. Not only were the means the family had used to gain the throne grim,[11] but their religious policy alienated many within the empire. Other crusader states had been formed in Greece as a result of the Fourth Crusade, notably the Kingdom of Thessalonica, which had been ruled by the Aleramici family of Montferrat. [1], In 1373, John V's son and heir Andronikos IV Palaiologos rebelled against his father in an attempt to seize the throne, instigating a fourth series of Palaiologan civil wars. Constantine I (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Αʹ, Konstantínos I; 2 August [ O.S. He was extremely fond of his mother and added her surname (Dragases) next to his own dynastic one when he ascended the imperial throne. According to several later oral traditions, the family had originated in Italy, supposedly in the city of Viterbo. Étude généalogique et prosopographique", "SERRA DI CASSANO, Giuseppe in "Dizionario Biografico, Spain (Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palaiologos&oldid=997274929, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 30 December 2020, at 19:51. Dotted lines indicate illegitimate offsprings. [1] On John IV's eleventh birthday, 25 December 1261, the boy was deposed, blinded and confined to a monastery. [75] A modern lineage, called the Paleologo-Oriundi, descends from Flaminio, an illegitimate son of John George. Découvrez des commentaires utiles de client et des classements de commentaires pour [The Immortal Emperor: The Life and Legend of Constantine Palaiologos, Last Emperor of the Romans] (By: Donald M. Nicol) [published: May, 2002] sur Amazon.fr. Andronikos III secured the support of a significant number of the aristocracy and a period of civil war, not ended until 1328, ensued. When Constantinople fell to the Fourth Crusade in 1204, the Palaiologoi fled to the Empire of Nicaea, a Byzantine successor state ruled by the Laskaris family, where they continued to play an active role and occupied many offices of high rank. There, they faced a dilemma. [79] The refugees were helped in that many in Western Europe would have been unaware of the intricacies of Byzantine naming customs; to Western Europeans, the name Palaiologos meant the imperial dynasty. Because the name could lend whoever bore it prestige (as well as possible monetary support), many refugees fabricated closer links to the imperial dynasty. [111] The 1570 will of Demetri Paleologo, a son of Theodore, begins with "Io Demetri Palleollogo, da Constantinopoli ...". When the crusaders of the Fourth Crusade took Constantinople in 1204 and overthrew the Byzantine Empire in favor of the new, Catholic, Latin Empire, the Palaiologoi followed Theodore I Laskaris to the Empire of Nicaea, where they played an active role and continued to occupy offices of high rank. [62] Since Yolande was second-in-line to the throne of the March of Montferrat, the marriage had the unexpected result of creating the possibility that a Byzantine prince might inherit Montferrat. [23] Constantine also sent desperate pleas for aid to Western Europe, though little help ever arrived. On 1 January 1259, Michael was proclaimed as co-emperor at Nymphaion, probably without John IV being present. Following this, Manuel II was firmly established as John V's successor, becoming senior emperor upon John's death in 1391. It had long been under the Frankish principality of 'Achaia' Constantine was crowned Emperor January 6, 1449 AD succeeding his brother. [109], Theodore had married Maria, a daughter of a man by the name Demetrios Kantakouzenos. [63], The Byzantine aristocracy were less than eager of sending one of Andronikos II's sons to claim Montferrat. Constantine XI Dragasēs Palaiologos, Despot of Morea, Byzantine Emperor, was born 8 February 1405 to Manuel II Palaiologos (1350-1425) and Jelena Dragaš (c1372-1450) and died 29 May 1453 of unspecified causes. [127] Despite Michael VIII's efforts, the union was disrupted in 1281, after just seven years, when he was excommunicated by Pope Martin IV. John V was initially victorious, imprisoning and disinheriting Andronikos IV and appointing a younger son, Manuel II Palaiologos, as his successor instead. 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