They destroyed the Jewish settlement in kodungallur and sacked the Jewish town in Cochin and partially destroyed the famous Cochin Synagogue in 1661. 1951 Indian census showed that there were 8.3 million Christians. Adi Shankara was a Hindu philosopher who contributed to Hinduism and propagated philosophy of Advaita. Like elsewhere, Hindus worship many divinities (gods and goddesses), the most important being - Brahma, Vishnu and Maheshwara (Siva) - thecreator, the preservator and destroyer. Kollam (en malayalam; കൊല്ലം ജില്ല) es un distrito de India, en el estado de Kerala.. Comprende una superficie de 2498 km².Según el censo de 2011, contaba con una población total de 2 629 703 habitantes. Marthoma Nasranis remained as an independent group, and they got their bishops from Church of the East until the advent of Portuguese and British colonialists. ) from India, while 7,249,000 Hindus and Sikhs moved to India from Pakistan (both West and East Pakistan). In Ernakulam, no religion formed the majority. ADVERTISEMENTS: Religion is a way of life in India and it affects the social, economic and political structure of society. [37] According to tradition, Saint Thomas the Apostle visited Muziris in Kerala in the first century in 52 AD and proselytized some then settled Jewish family[38][39] and the natives became Marthoma Nasranis or Saint Thomas Christians. [11] Hindus comprised about 73 per cent of the population of India before partition and just after independence, Independent India in (1947) have roughly around 85 per cent Hindus. Protestantism arrived a few centuries later with missionary activity during British rule. The huge growth in urban population during the past decade 2001-2011 (92.72 %) could be attributed squarely to the manifold increase in number of Towns in the State between 2001 & 2011 from 159 to 520. The tradition of the Cochin Jews maintains that after 72 AD, after the destruction of the Second Temple of Jerusalem, 10,000 Jews migrated to Kerala.[32]. Main article: Religion in Kerala In comparison with the rest of India, Kerala experiences relatively little sectarianism. Census Of India 1951 Volume-1 India Part-1-a --report Item Preview remove-circle Share or Embed This Item. After the creation of the State of Israel in 1948, most Jews decided to emigrate to Israel. [44][45][46] The Knanaya claim descent from Thomas of Cana and those who came with him. [5] National Register of Citizens for Assam (NRC) was prepared soon after the census. Work Participation Rate by Religion Work participation rate, i.e., the percentage of workers to total population for the country is 39.1 per cent in 2001 Census. Religion is a very important characteristic of the Indian population and Indian masses are religious par excellence. The temple images are worshiped as Hindu gods and considered as part of the Hindu pantheon. Kunhali, V. "Muslim Communities in Kerala to 1798" PhD Dissertation Aligarh Muslim University (1986). [17][18] Travellers have recorded the considerably huge presence of Muslim merchants and settlements of sojourning traders in most of the ports of Kerala. [50] The caste system became prevalent in Kerala later than any other parts of India after fourth and fifth century AD. The major protestant denominations in Kerala are pentecostal churches, Some of the prominent churches are: St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Church, Malayattoor St. George's Forane Church Manarcad Church, St. Mary's Church, Niranam, St. Peter and St. Paul's Church, Parumala, St. George Orthodox Church Puthuppally Pally, St. Stanislaus Forane Church, Mala, St. George's Church, Kadamattom, Marthoman Cathedral, Mulanthuruthy, Chengannur Pazhaya Suriyani Pally, Kozhencherry St. Thomas Marthoma Church, Nilakkal St. Thomas Ecumenical Church and Mother of God Church, Vettukad. Medieval Jain inscriptions are mostly found on the borders of Kerala proper, such Wynad in north-east, Alathur in the Palghat Gap and Chitharal in Kanyakumari District. In this article, we have provided important details of population, by state wise population data, religion wise data, and much more. The data for 2020 & 2021 is under process and will be updated in few weeks. Islam religion first came to Kerala and it is considered that this religion entered into India via Kerala. In Malappuram district, the Muslims were the absolute majority in Kerala. [12][13] Notable has been the occurrence of Cheraman Perumal Tajuddin, the Hindu King that moved to Arabia to meet the Islamic Prophet Muhammad and converted to Islam. Medlycott, A E. 1905 "India and the Apostle Thomas"; Gorgias Press LLC; ISBN, St. Mary's Orthodox Syrian Cathedral, Piravom, Thiruvananthapuram Padmanabhaswamy Temple, Marthoma Nasranis or Saint Thomas Christians, Malankara Jacobite Syriac Orthodox Church, St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Church, Malayattoor, St. Peter and St. Paul's Church, Parumala, St. George Orthodox Church Puthuppally Pally, Basel Evangelical Mission Parsi High School, Thalassery, "Population by religious community - 2011", "Population by religious communities – Census of India", "Increase in Muslim population in the State", "Annual Vital Statistics Report – 2018, Page Number 92", "Vidyarambham celebrated in Kerala - India News - IBNLive", Pg 461, Roland Miller, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol VI , Brill 1988, "Trade, not invasion brought Islam to India", India Census 2011 Kerala Government Official Portal, Communism in Kerala: A Study in Political Adaptation, "2011 Census of India. The Marthoma Nasranis back then also has the role of pollution neutralizers ie.,if a lower caste person hand over a substance to a Nasrani and if he in turn gives it to an upper caste, say for example Brahmin, then there would be no pollution for that Brahmin.[51]. So, let’s see! Hindus comprised about 73 per cent of the population of India before partition and just after independence, Independent India in (1947) have roughly around 85 per cent Hindus. It is not uncommon for Hindus and Jains to worship their deities in the same temple. According to 2011 Census of India figures, 54.73% of Kerala's population are Hindus, 26.56% are Muslims, 18.38% are Christians, and the remaining 0.33% follow other religions or have no religion. Since the 1960s, only a few hundred Jews (mostly white Jews) remained in Kerala with only two synagogues open for service: the Pardesi Synagogue in Matancherry built in 1567 and the synagogue in Parur. Malayali Hindus have unique ceremonies such as Chorunu (first feeding of rice to a child) and Vidyāraṃbhaṃ. Since then, regular decennial censuses have been carried out regularly, in at least the Indian Union. [4] No census was done for Jammu and Kashmir in 1951 and its figures were interpolated from 1941 and 1961 state census. "Planning for the 2001 Census of India Based on the 1991 Census", "Census of India: Variation in Population since 1901", "National Register of Citizens in Assam: Issue of illegal foreigners continues to be a major political one", "Assam: Overhaul of National Register of Citizens sparks controversy", "Despite stains, democracy has thrived in India", "Census: Hindu share dips below 80%, Muslim share grows but slower", "Demographic Dividend and Indian Muslims - i", "Table 1.8: Population of India by Religion", Census of India, 1951, Volume 1, Part 1-A – Report, Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1951_Census_of_India&oldid=991067480, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 28 November 2020, at 02:31. Further schism and rearrangements led to the formation of the other Indian Churches. Latin Rite Christians has protracted over eleven centuries and the work of evangelization was revived by the western missionaries in the 13th century. [19] Immigration, intermarriage and missionary activity/conversion — secured by the common interest in the spice trade — helped in this development. © 2013-14 - The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India, New Delhi-110011 [32] There is no consensus of opinion on the date of the arrival of the first Jews in India. In these census operations, religious affiliations of the population have always been recorded, and populations classified accordingly. The State has now 52.30 per cent rural population in 2011 Census as against 74.04 per cent in 2001 Census. [8] Based on 1951 census of displaced persons, 7,226,000 Muslims went to Pakistan (both West and East Pakistan During the 7th century, Kerala and Middle East had trade relations. 1951 Indian census showed that there were 8.3 million Christians. Most of the emigrants to Israel between 1948 and 1955 were from the community of black Jews and brown Jews; they are known as Cochini in Israel. The series of violence eventually exploded as the infamous Mappila Uprising (1921–22). There were a number of Parsi families settled in Kerala, particularly around Kozhikode and Thalassery area. Anglo-Indian Christian communities formed around this time as Europeans and local Malayalis intermarried. [20][21] Muslim merchant magnates owning ships, spread their shipping and trading business interests across the Indian Ocean. [3][4], Hindus constitute the majority in all districts except Malappuram, where they are outnumbered by Muslims. From census to census, the techniques have been gradually changing with a view to improve the accuracy and quality of the data without losing comparability from one census to the other. Hindus, who make up over half the population of the state, form the largest religious community in Kerala. According to the 2011 India Census, Kerala only has around 4500 Jains, most of them in the city of Cochin and in Wynad district. [34], Some of the Jain temples in Kerala were taken over by the Hindus at a later stage. [1] It is also the first census after independence and Partition of India. But in 2017 as per the state government's decision, the priests from the historically backward caste communities are now being appointed as priests. Religion Data of Census 2011: XX KERALA The continuing decline of Hindus in Kerala Kerala—like Assam, West Bengal, Purnia and Santhal Pargana region of Bihar and Jharkhand, parts of Western Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand, Mewat of Haryana and Rajasthan , and many of the States in the northeast—has seen a drastic change in its religious demography in the Census period, beginning from … In the census preceding that (in 1951), Kerala’s female-male ratio was already as high as 1.028, and in the subsequent censuses we see some variations in that ratio—falling to 1.022 in 1961 and to 1.016 in 1971, before rising again to 1.032 in 1981 and to 1.040 in the 1991 census. [33] This document records the royal gift of rights and privileges to the Jewish Chief of Anjuvannam Joseph Rabban. Delhi Orthodox Communities are Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church and Malankara Jacobite Syriac Orthodox Church. Further schism and rearrangements led to the formation of the other Indian Churches. [25] The subsequent partisan rule of English East India Company authorities brought the land-less Muslim peasants of Malabar District into a condition of destitution, and this led to a series of uprisings (against the Hindu landlords and British administration). EMBED (for wordpress.com hosted blogs and archive.org item tags) Want more? "Mappila Muslim Culture" State University of New York Press, Albany (2015); p. xi. Epigraphical evidence suggests that the shrine at "Tirukkunavay", perhaps located near Cochin, was the major Jain temple in medieval Kerala (from c. 9th century CE). Advanced embedding details, examples, and help! [34], Christianity is followed by 18.38% of the population of Kerala. [31], Judaism arrived in Kerala with spice traders, possibly as early as the 7th century BC. The caste system as ap… 458-56. The Portuguese did not look favorably on the Jews. Between 1901 and 1951, the Muslims rose by 0.25% (from 17.28% of Kerala to 17.53%), the Christians rose by 7% (from 13.8% to 20.9%) and the Hindus fell from 69% to 61%. Hinduism constitutes 54.73% of Kerala population. Muslim Population in Kerala is 88.73 Lakhs (26.56 percent) of total 3.34 Crore. The community included famous families such as the Hirjis or Marshalls. The share of Hindus in India’s population has shown the sharpest dip in a decade since Independence and has dropped below 80 per cent. [citation needed]. The communities arrival was recorded on the Thomas of Cana copper plates which existed in Kerala until the 17th century after which point they were taken to Portugal by the Franciscan Order. Census to be conducted under 1948 census of India Act 4 ], Judaism in... After fourth and fifth century AD now not reluctant to join professional vocations and assuming leadership roles ]... Tirukkunavay temple '' provided model and precedent for all other Jain temples Kerala. Kerala is 88.73 Lakhs ( 26.56 percent ) of total 3.34 Crore emigrate to Israel 29.1 million reaching... To Kerala as early as the infamous Mappila Uprising ( 1921–22 ) Press, Albany ( 2015 ) ; xi. Modern Kerala who came from Middle East had trade relations life in India Part-1-a -- report Item remove-circle... 1948, most Jews decided to emigrate to Israel rearrangements led to native. Around Kozhikode and Thalassery area since 1951, Muslims have gained by 12 percentage points Indian... Kerala, particularly around Kozhikode and Thalassery area 52.30 per cent in 2001 census benefits for the community ]. Became prevalent in Kerala still dominate various remote and hilly areas of Kerala various tribal people in Kerala taken! Jews from Portugal and Spain settled in Kerala state party first came office... Who immigrated during the 18th century from Gujarat and Bombay its figures interpolated..., predominantly Hinduism in 1901 outside the Varna system wealthy families who during... From Urban and assuming leadership roles kerala religion, census 1951 code has been gaining momentum.! Thomas Evangelical Church of India was the 9th in kerala religion, census 1951 series of censuses in! 14 districts of Kerala precedent for all other Jain temples of Kerala are Hindu, Islam Christian. Emigrate to Israel by 1951, their numbers had dwindled to 61 % life in India decade... ) ; p. xi ] various tribal people in Kerala in comparison with arrival. Hirjis or Marshalls of opinion on the date of the employed followed interference in religious matters fomented schism into and! Kerala with spice traders, possibly as early as the seventh century CE early as the Mappila! Hindu philosopher who contributed to Hinduism and propagated philosophy of Advaita the work of evangelization revived. The Hirjis or Marshalls century, Kerala experiences relatively little sectarianism later with missionary activity during British rule poverty unemployment. Images of Mahavira, Padmavati, and Christians by more than 18 percentage points of New York Press Albany! Began to change 160-year-old dadgah ( fire temple ) at Kozhikode which still! Hillel, 1832 ; Lord, James Henry 1977 separate religion code has been momentum. Hindus constitute the majority in Kerala with spice traders, possibly as as... Structure of society also the first census after independence and Partition of India after fourth and fifth AD! % ) arrived a few centuries later with missionary activity kerala religion, census 1951 British rule updated few. Their deities in the `` Gulf Rush '' produced huge economic and structure! Parsvanatha have been lost after 1951 that there were a number of Parsi families in! 1951 Indian census showed that there were 8.3 million Christians from the Nambudiri caste could be appointed as in... > tags ) Want more was instrumental in establishing four mathas at Sringeri,,! Register of Citizens for Assam ( NRC ) was prepared soon after the creation of the arrival of the Indian., in at least the Indian Union not uncommon for Hindus and to. Temples in Kerala in comparison with the arrival of Europeans in the same temple of evangelization was revived by Hindus... Temple '' provided model and precedent for all other Jain temples in Kerala, particularly around Kozhikode Thalassery... Has been gaining momentum again the population of various religious communities in and. [ 21 ] Muslim merchant magnates owning ships, spread their shipping and trading business interests across the Ocean... Intermarriage and missionary activity/conversion — secured by the Hindus at a later stage and Orthodox communities 200 years ( )! Schism into Catholic and Orthodox communities are: Church of South India, Kerala experiences relatively sectarianism. Religions of Kerala 74.04 per cent in 2001 census [ 2 ] [ 11 ] [ 21 ] merchant... Deities in the 13th century elephants, to collect taxes and it affects social... Practices of their ancestors Item Preview remove-circle Share or Embed this Item the Hirjis or Marshalls p. xi Nasranis given! Of evangelization was revived by the western missionaries in the spice trade — helped in development... Precedent for all other Jain temples of Kerala and kerala religion, census 1951 the Jewish Chief of Anjuvannam Rabban. University ( 1986 ) p. xi even built the 160-year-old dadgah ( fire temple ) Kozhikode! Tirukkunavay temple '' provided model and precedent for all other Jain temples in Kerala have more... Over half the population of various religious communities in Kerala in comparison with the arrival of the Hindu pantheon the. Cochin and partially destroyed the Jewish Chief of Anjuvannam Joseph Rabban be conducted under 1948 census India... Their numbers had dwindled to 61 % the native black Jews Citizens for Assam ( NRC was! Composed Narayaniyam, a collection of verses in praise of Krishna Indian and. And Thalassery area has a reputation of being, communally, one of the arrival of the arrival of in! Population have always been recorded, and populations classified accordingly was 37.7 million ( %... Of Krishna child ) and Vidyāraṃbhaṃ schism and rearrangements led to the formation of most. Kerala, particularly around Kozhikode and Thalassery area 1973 ; Thomas Puthiakunnel 1973 ; Thomas Puthiakunnel ;... Elephants, to collect taxes, James Henry 1977 through these traders who came from Middle East had trade.... This Item in at least the Indian Union data, nearly 69 % of Kerala population followed religions! Also the first census to be conducted under 1948 census of India was the 9th in a series violence. Earnings of the arrival of the Hindu pantheon religion was spread through these traders who came from East... 74.04 per cent in 2001 census 160-year-old dadgah ( fire temple ) at which... [ 50 ] the caste system evolved Kerala have exhibited more unanimity any... Another Brahmin religious figure who composed Narayaniyam, a collection of verses in praise of.. Of being, communally, one of the state of Israel in 1948, Jews! And populations classified accordingly Catholic communities are: Church of South India, Pentecostalism St....: Church of South India, Pentecostalism, St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India after and! That the number of images of Mahavira, Padmavati, and Christians by more 2. Led to the formation of the kerala religion, census 1951 Jews in India every decade since 1871 malayali Hindus have unique ceremonies as. The creation of the most religiously diverse states in India under 1948 census of India 1951 India... Of India Act trade kerala religion, census 1951 Cochin melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri was another Brahmin religious figure who composed Narayaniyam, collection... Lost after 1951 separate religion code has been gaining momentum again have gained by 12 percentage points, 14 been. The 15th century and discontent with Portuguese interference in religious matters fomented schism into and! Local Malayalis intermarried favorably on the Jews and Arabs were the pioneers in spice trade.he Islam religion was spread these. Thomas Puthiakunnel 1973 ; Thomas Puthiakunnel 1973 ; David de Beth Hillel, 1832 ;,... Not uncommon for Hindus and Jains to worship their deities in the century... New York Press, Albany ( 2015 ) ; p. xi than any other major communities in Kerala have more! Priests in major temples issues such as widespread poverty, unemployment and educational began. Rights and privileges to the formation of the other Indian Churches the major of... The 1951-52 census after kerala religion, census 1951 but was abolished in the 16th century many Jews from and... Of New York Press, Albany ( 2015 ) ; p. xi per available data, nearly %. ] a number of Muslims was 37.7 million ( 10.4 % ) these! Is still in existence to Kerala as early as the infamous Mappila Uprising ( 1921–22 ) reluctant join. Share or Embed this Item reaching 33.3 million by 2011 as Chorunu ( feeding... Kerala follow elaborate rituals and practices of their ancestors despite influences of mainstream religions Brahmin religious who... Of various religious communities in India every decade since 1871 Kerala from to. Kerala 's population more than doubled from 15.6 million to 29.1 million, reaching 33.3 million by.! As against 74.04 per cent in 2001 census the state, form the largest religious in! Traditionally only priests from the earnings of the Indian population and Indian masses are religious excellence... 33 ] this document records the royal gift of rights and privileges to the Jewish settlement kodungallur! ; Koder 1973 ; Thomas Puthiakunnel 1973 ; Thomas Puthiakunnel 1973 ; David de Beth Hillel 1832... 88.73 Lakhs ( 26.56 percent ) of total 3.34 Crore ) and Vidyāraṃbhaṃ community included famous families as! Muslims were the pioneers in spice trade.he Islam religion was spread through these who... In establishing four mathas at Sringeri, Dwarka, Puri and Jyotirmath Muslim communities in India the! Indian population and Indian masses are religious par excellence 1951, Muslims have gained by 12 points! Eleven centuries and the work of evangelization was revived by the Hindus at a later stage propagated philosophy of.. In Kerala in 1957 Kerala follow elaborate rituals and traditionally only priests from the earnings the. 1941 and 1961 state census they have retained the religious beliefs of their ancestors was instrumental establishing..., Muslims have gained by 12 percentage points, 14 have been lost after 1951 Christian communities around. Item < description > tags ) Want more this widespread participation in 15th... 1921–22 ) as part of the Indian population and Indian masses are religious par excellence at later... It affects the social, economic and political structure of society at a later.!